Concertas

Concertas are types of portable musical instruments, typically referring to concertinas, a family of free-reed instruments similar in appearance to small accordions. Originating in the 19th century, concertinas are characterized by their hexagonal shape, with buttons on each end that, when pressed, open valves allowing air to pass through reeds, producing sound. They are played by compressing and expanding the bellows, which controls both volume and expression.

Concertinas come in various sizes and systems, including English, Anglo, and Duet varieties. The English concertina features a single-note, chromatic scale across its buttons, making it suitable for solo and classical music. The Anglo concertina incorporates diatonic scales, making it popular in folk and traditional music. The Duet concertina has a system designed for playing melodic lines alongside accompaniments, favored by certain folk and dance musicians.

Historically, concertinas gained popularity in Europe and North America during the 19th century, often used in folk, classical, and military band contexts. They are known for their compact size, ease of transport, and distinctive sound that combines reed organ qualities with a wide expressive range. Modern concertinas are produced using various materials, including metal, plastic, and wood, and are celebrated for their versatility across musical genres.

Despite their niche status, concertinas continue to be active in contemporary music scenes, particularly within folk and traditional communities, as well as among enthusiasts and collectors. Their unique mechanical design and rich tonal qualities make them an enduring instrument in the world of portable free-reed instruments.