Companionanimals

Companion animals are animals kept primarily for human companionship and enjoyment, rather than for work, research, or production. The term covers a wide range of species, with dogs and cats by far the most common, followed by birds, small mammals, fish, and reptiles.

People benefit from interactions with companion animals through emotional support, social contact, and increased physical activity. The strength and character of each relationship depend on the species and the individual. Care requirements include appropriate housing, nutrition, exercise, mental stimulation, preventive veterinary care, and regular veterinary visits. Enrichment and positive training are used to prevent behavioral problems and promote well-being.

Ownership carries responsibilities and potential risks. Responsible owners provide parasite control, dental care, vaccines when recommended, and routine health checks. They must also consider allergies, zoonotic disease risks, and welfare concerns arising from neglect, abandonment, or unsafe environments. Ethical considerations often favor adoption from shelters and rescue groups over breeding or purchase from sources with poor welfare practices.

Legal frameworks in many countries address animal welfare, licensing, and the pet trade. Practices such as microchipping, licensing, and spay/neuter requirements vary by jurisdiction. A growing emphasis on welfare, veterinary guidance, and rescue networks supports responsible ownership and the humane treatment of companion animals.