Coffins

Coffins are funerary containers designed to hold a deceased person for burial or cremation. In common usage the term coffin is often contrasted with casket, though usage varies by region. A coffin typically has a hexagonal or octagonal cross-section with six sides and tapers toward the head and feet to reflect human shape; a casket is usually rectangular with parallel sides. For cremation, many jurisdictions prefer or require containers that burn completely and meet safety standards; thus some coffins are designed to be cremation-friendly.

Materials range from traditional wood—such as pine, oak, or mahogany—to metals (steel, copper, bronze) and modern biodegradable options (bamboo, seagrass, wicker, cardboard). Linings and interior fittings vary by tradition and budget, commonly using fabric such as velvet, crepe, or satin.

Historically, coffins have been used in many cultures, with examples found from ancient civilizations through medieval and modern eras. In Europe and the Americas, wooden coffins became widely produced in the 19th century with advances in carpentry and manufacturing, contributing to standardized sizes and mass availability. Design can reflect cultural or religious beliefs, personal preferences, or status considerations.

Environmental and economic aspects influence modern coffin selection. Regulated materials and safety standards apply in many countries, and there is growing demand for green or biodegradable coffins in eco-conscious burials. Coffins are typically transported to burial or cremation sites by professional services, and they may be accompanied by floral arrangements, memorial inscriptions, and other rites.