Clélie

Clélie is a historical novel written by French author Madeleine de Scudéry, first published in 1654 and 1660. It is considered a prime example of the préciosité literary movement that flourished in 17th-century France. The novel is an expansive romance set in ancient Rome, though it is heavily allegorical, thinly veiling contemporary Parisian society and its prominent figures.

The plot centers on the love affairs and intrigues of Clélie, a Roman noblewoman, and her many suitors. However, the narrative is not solely focused on romantic entanglements. De Scudéry uses the story as a vehicle to explore themes of virtue, honor, friendship, and the ideal conduct of both men and women within society. The novel is notable for its length and its detailed discussions of etiquette, moral philosophy, and even geography.

A significant feature of Clélie is the inclusion of the famous "Carte de tendre," a metaphorical map of affection and friendship. This allegorical map, which was a popular illustration in editions of the novel, depicts different regions and landmarks representing various stages and qualities of love and friendship, from "Tenderness" and "Esteem" to "Indifference" and "Cruelty." The Carte de tendre became a cultural phenomenon, widely discussed and imitated.

Clélie was immensely popular in its time, enjoyed by a wide readership, particularly among aristocratic women. It offered readers a sophisticated and idealized vision of social life and personal relationships, reflecting the intellectual and social currents of the era. While its extreme length and elaborate style make it less accessible to modern readers, it remains an important work for understanding 17th-century French literature and the préciosité movement.