Citheronia

Citheronia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Saturniidae, commonly known as the giant silk moths. These moths are found in the Americas, ranging from the United States down to South America. The genus is distinguished by its large size and often brightly colored larvae, which are frequently referred to as "hickory horned devils" due to their appearance.

The larvae of Citheronia species are herbivorous and can grow quite large, often exceeding several inches in length. They are known for their prominent, horn-like tubercles, which can be brightly colored, especially in later instars. Despite their intimidating appearance, these larvae are generally harmless to humans. They feed on a variety of host plants, including hickory, ash, sumac, and sweetgum, depending on the specific species.

Adult Citheronia moths are typically large and robust, with broad wings. Their coloration varies, but many species exhibit earthy tones with intricate patterns. Unlike many moths, adult Saturniidae, including Citheronia, lack functional mouthparts and therefore do not feed. Their primary purpose is reproduction, and their adult lifespan is relatively short, focused solely on mating and egg-laying.

The life cycle of Citheronia involves complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pupal stage is spent in a cocoon, often constructed in the soil or leaf litter. The genus Citheronia includes several notable species such as Citheronia regalis (regal moth) and Citheronia sepulchralis (emperor moth), each with its own specific geographic range and host plant preferences.