Centrosema

Centrosema is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family (Fabaceae). It comprises tropical and subtropical climbing herbaceous species and small lianas. Species are valued as forage crops and for soil improvement, and several species are grown ornamentally or as ground cover in warm climates. The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, with some species having naturalized in Africa and Asia.

Centrosema species characteristically have trifoliate leaves with slender leaflets, a twining or trailing habit, and pea-like flowers. The inflorescences are often showy, and the corolla colors range from blue or purple to white, frequently with contrasting markings on the standard petal. The fruit is a flat, elongated legume pod containing one to several seeds.

Ecology and uses: Like other legumes, Centrosema species form symbiotic nodules with Rhizobium bacteria and fix atmospheric nitrogen, contributing to soil fertility. They are used as forage for cattle, goats, and sheep in tropical regions, as cover crops to suppress erosion, and in some cases as ornamental garden vines.

Taxonomy: Centrosema is in the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Phaseoleae, within Fabaceae. The genus comprises a number of species, including Centrosema pubescens and Centrosema virginianum, among others. The diversity and distribution vary by region, and some species have substantial agricultural importance as forage crops while others are primarily ornamental or naturalized volunteers.