Centralvenöst

Centralvenöst is a medical term used in Swedish and related languages to describe the central venous portion of the venous system. In English medical usage, it corresponds to central venous, referring to veins that drain into the heart and are used for central venous access. The term encompasses large-caliber veins such as the internal jugular, subclavian, brachiocephalic, and superior and inferior vena cavae, and is distinguished from peripheral veins in the arms and legs.

Anatomy and physiology: The central veins are part of the central circulatory system and carry blood directly to the right atrium. They are characterized by high flow and relatively thin walls and are accessed via specialized procedures for medical therapy and monitoring. Central venous access is commonly used when peripheral access is insufficient or when long-term therapy is needed.

Clinical uses: The concept underlies central venous access devices (CVADs), including non-tunneled catheters, tunneled catheters, implanted ports, and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines. They enable administration of irritant or hyperosmolar medications, parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and frequent blood sampling, and allow measurement of central venous pressure and rapid fluid resuscitation.

Techniques and safety: Placement is usually performed with ultrasound guidance and sterile technique, often with imaging confirmation. Common sites include the internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, and femoral vein, depending on patient factors. Complications can include infection, thrombosis, pneumothorax, catheter malposition, and catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Related terms and alternatives: Peripheral venous access and peripherally inserted central catheters, as well as implantable ports, are alternatives when a central venous route is desired for long-term therapy. Prevention and management emphasize asepsis, proper line care, and early detection of complications.