Cavoatrial

Cavoatrial is an adjective used to describe the anatomical region where a vena cava meets the atrium of the heart, most commonly referring to the junction between the superior vena cava (SVC) and the right atrium (RA). The cavoatrial junction is an important landmark in cardiovascular anatomy because it marks the transition from a large systemic vein to the cardiac chamber and influences blood flow dynamics, pressure relationships, and conduction proximity.

Clinically, the cavoatrial junction is significant for placement of central venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), and implantable port catheters. Tip positioning at or near the cavoatrial junction is frequently used to optimize catheter function, enhance diluting of infusates, and minimize complications associated with malposition. Identification of the junction is commonly achieved with chest radiography, fluoroscopy, intracavitary electrocardiography, or echocardiography.

Pathology involving the cavoatrial region includes catheter-related thrombosis, bloodstream infection, venous stenosis, and arrhythmias caused by mechanical irritation. Malignant processes such as tumor extension into a vena cava may also involve the cavoatrial junction and affect surgical or oncologic management. Invasive procedures that traverse or reconstruct this zone require careful attention due to its proximity to cardiac structures and conduction tissue.