Cartílagos

Cartílagos are a flexible type of connective tissue found in many areas of the body, including joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, and the nose. They are composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which are embedded in a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers. This matrix provides structural support and resilience, allowing cartilage to withstand pressure and resist deformation.

There are three main types of cartilage, each with distinct properties and functions. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type and is found in the articular surfaces of joints, the rib cage, and the respiratory tract. It is smooth and flexible, reducing friction between bones and providing structural support. Elastic cartilage, found in the ear and epiglottis, contains a high proportion of elastic fibers, making it more flexible and able to return to its original shape after being stretched. Fibrocartilage, the strongest type, is found in areas subjected to high stress, such as the intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee. Its dense collagen fibers provide excellent shock absorption and tensile strength.

Cartilage plays a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system, facilitating smooth movement in joints and providing support to various organs. Unlike bone, cartilage lacks blood vessels, which means it has a limited ability to heal. Injuries to cartilage can therefore be slow to recover and may lead to long-term problems like osteoarthritis. The growth and maintenance of cartilage depend on nutrients supplied by diffusion from surrounding tissues.