Cardiomyopathia

Cardiomyopathia refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. These conditions can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathies can be inherited or acquired, and they can manifest in various forms.

One common type is dilated cardiomyopathy, where the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, becomes enlarged and weakened. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common form, involving stiffening of the heart muscle, which hinders its ability to fill with blood.

The causes of cardiomyopathia are diverse. Genetic factors play a significant role in some inherited forms. Acquired causes can include long-term high blood pressure, valvular heart disease, viral infections, alcohol abuse, certain chemotherapy drugs, and pregnancy-related complications. In many cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can vary depending on the type and severity, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet, dizziness, fainting, and palpitations. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy.

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. It may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce fluid buildup, and manage arrhythmias. Lifestyle modifications such as diet changes and regular exercise are often recommended. In severe cases, procedures like pacemakers, defibrillators, or even heart transplantation may be necessary.