Caracara

Caracara refers to a group of large, ground-dwelling raptors in the family Falconidae, placed in the genus Caracara. They are native to the Americas, ranging from the southern United States through Central America to South America, with some species reaching the Caribbean. Caracaras occupy open and semi-open habitats such as grasslands, savannas, wetlands, and agricultural landscapes.

Morphology and identification: Caracaras are medium- to large-sized falcons with relatively long legs and a sturdy bill. They typically have a bare facial skin that can be yellow or orange and may show a crest on the head. Plumage varies among species, but many have dark upperparts and paler underparts. The best-known member in some regions is the Crested Caracara, with other prominent species including the Southern Caracara.

Behavior and diet: Caracaras are opportunistic omnivores and are renowned for scavenging, yet they actively hunt small vertebrates, insects, eggs, and fruit. They are adept on the ground, often foraging by walking, and can form loose groups or forage alone. They may steal prey from other animals and frequently exploit human-altered habitats such as farms and roadsides.

Reproduction: Nests are typically built from sticks in trees or on cliff ledges. A clutch usually consists of a few eggs, commonly 2–4, and both parents participate in incubation and feeding. Chicks require several weeks to reach fledging.

Taxonomy and status: The genus Caracara includes several species, among them the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) and the Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus). Conservation status varies by species, but many have broad distributions and are considered of least concern due to their adaptability and wide range.