Capsuloplasty

Capsuloplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at tightening or repairing the joint capsule. The joint capsule is a sac of connective tissue that surrounds a joint and is reinforced by ligaments. Its primary function is to provide stability and prevent excessive movement. Over time or due to injury, the capsule can become stretched or damaged, leading to instability and pain.

This procedure is most commonly performed on the shoulder, ankle, or hip. In shoulder capsuloplasty, the goal is often to address shoulder instability, a condition where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) repeatedly dislocates from the glenoid cavity (shoulder socket). The surgeon tightens the lax ligaments and capsule to restore normal shoulder mechanics.

In the ankle, capsuloplasty may be used to treat chronic ankle instability, often resulting from repeated sprains. The surgeon repairs or tightens the stretched ligaments and capsule on the outside of the ankle. Similarly, hip capsuloplasty can be performed to address hip instability or impingement.

The surgical technique can vary depending on the specific joint and the extent of the damage. It may involve arthroscopic methods, using small incisions and specialized instruments, or open surgery. Recovery typically involves a period of immobilization followed by physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion. The success of capsuloplasty depends on factors such as the severity of the instability, the patient's overall health, and adherence to post-operative rehabilitation.