Capsizing

Capsizing is the overturning of a watercraft, causing it to lie on its side or upside down in the water. It can affect small boats such as kayaks, canoes, and dinghies, as well as larger sailboats and motorboats under certain conditions. Capsizing may be brief, with the vessel righting itself, or it can render the craft inoperative and require occupants to take action to stay safe.

Causes include instability from weight distribution, abrupt maneuvers, high winds, breaking waves, collisions, or equipment failure. Factors such as overcrowding, inexperience, improper ballast, and worn rigging increase risk. Small craft with low flotation or a high center of gravity are particularly vulnerable.

Consequences center on safety risks for occupants. The main concerns are drowning or hypothermia, especially in cold water, as well as entrapment or loss of gear. For larger vessels, capsizing can disrupt ballast and stability and may lead to more complex rescue needs.

Prevention relies on planning and training. Wearing appropriate personal flotation devices, carrying required safety equipment, and ensuring regular maintenance of gear are essential. Operators should receive instruction on vessel handling and, where relevant, capsize recovery techniques. Weight should be distributed to lower the center of gravity, loads secured, and weather and sea state carefully assessed beforehand.

Response: If a capsize occurs, stay with the vessel if possible, remain afloat, and signal for help while following established safety procedures. If trained and it is safe, occupants may attempt to re-right or re-enter the craft. In all cases, prioritize personal safety and avoid unnecessary risk.