CapriniScore

Caprini Score, officially the Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM), is a point-based tool used to estimate a patient’s risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after surgery. Developed by Caprini and subsequently revised, the model assigns points to a range of risk factors, and the total score informs the choice of thromboprophylaxis.

Risk factors typically include age, obesity, cancer, prior VTE, thrombophilia, immobilization, infection, estrogen-containing therapy, pregnancy, and undergoing major surgery or prolonged operative time. Each factor carries a specific point value; the sum yields a total score that maps to risk categories from very low to highest risk. Clinicians use these categories to tailor prophylaxis, balancing the benefits of pharmacologic measures such as low-molecular-weight heparin against bleeding risk, and to consider mechanical methods when appropriate.

Versions and use: The Caprini RAM has been validated in numerous studies across general surgery, orthopedic surgery, and other specialties, and is widely incorporated into clinical guidelines and postoperative care pathways. There are specialty-adjusted versions and updates, including a revised Caprini score published in 2005 and adaptations for plastics, cardiothoracic, and other surgical populations.

Limitations: While generally effective, the model shows variable performance across populations and settings, may overestimate risk in some medical populations, and relies on accurate risk-factor assessment and documentation. It is not designed for medical inpatients, for whom other tools such as the Padua score may be more appropriate.