CannonBard
Cannon–Bard theory of emotion is a psychological and neurophysiological model introduced by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920s as a response to the James–Lange theory. It proposes that emotional experience and physiological arousal occur in parallel and independently in response to a stimulus, rather than one causing the other.
The theory posits that sensory information reaches the thalamus, which then sends two simultaneous signals: one
Compared with the James–Lange view, Cannon and Bard argued that the same patterns of arousal can accompany
Though influential, the Cannon–Bard model has been refined by later research. Neurophysiological studies point to specific
Today the Cannon–Bard framework is regarded as a foundational account that highlights parallel processing of affect