Caliphatean

Caliphatean is an adjective and, less commonly, a noun used to describe things related to or advocating a caliphate as a form of Islamic political and religious leadership. The term derives from caliphate, the realm or authority of a caliph, with the English suffix -an indicating association or belonging. In some sources, caliphatean appears alongside terms such as caliphateist or khilafatist to refer to individuals or movements that seek to establish or defend a caliphate.

In historical discussion, caliphates refer to the succession-based polities that claimed religious and political authority over the Muslim community, including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman caliphates. In contemporary discourse, caliphatean is more likely to appear in analyses of political Islam and modern movements that advocate reviving or reforming the caliphate. The most widely cited modern instance is the declaration of a so-called caliphate by the Islamic State in 2014, a claim widely rejected by Muslims and by most governments. Other groups and scholars debate the legitimacy, jurisdiction, and form such a polity might take, ranging from symbolic calls to aims of territorial governance.

Scholarly use of caliphatean emphasizes descriptive analysis of ideas, rhetoric, and organizational forms associated with caliphate advocacy, rather than endorsement. The term is primarily a scholarly label rather than a self-designation common among broad populations, and it sits within broader discussions of theology, jurisprudence, and statehood in Islam.