Cabs

Cabs, short for taxicabs, are licensed vehicles for hire that transport passengers between locations for a fare. They can be hailed on the street, booked by phone, or dispatched through a company or app. In most cities, taxi services are regulated by a municipal authority, and fares are either meter-based or set by rate cards. Vehicles and drivers generally must meet safety, insurance, and background-check requirements, and drivers may be required to complete training. Passengers typically pay by cash, card, or mobile wallet.

Fares are displayed on meters, with possible surcharges for waiting time, luggage, or late-night service. Some markets use flat rates for specific routes. There are often distinctions between traditional taxis and private-hire services, which must be booked in advance and may be regulated differently.

Since the early 2010s, ride-hailing apps have expanded pre-booking and dynamic pricing, challenging traditional taxi models in many cities. Regulators in some places require apps and taxi operators to share licensing standards or to hold separate licenses. The two sectors are sometimes integrated under a single regulatory framework, while in other areas they remain distinct.

Safety measures include seat belts, insurance, and sometimes driver-background checks; some fleets offer wheelchair-accessible vehicles. Many fleets are adopting hybrid or electric vehicles to reduce emissions, and some markets encourage electrification through incentives or mandates.

Global variations abound. London’s licensed black cabs are known for a training-based knowledge test, while New York relies on a medallion system. The terminology varies by region, with “cab” and “taxi” used interchangeably in many places.