Cablul

Cablul is the term used to describe a cable, a bundle of one or more insulated conductors encased in a protective jacket, designed to transmit electrical power or communications signals. Cablurile typically consist of multiple conductors and a protective sheath, which may include shielding, insulation, and sometimes armor for mechanical protection.

Construction and components include core conductors (usually copper or aluminum), insulation around each conductor, a shielding layer (such as metal braid or foil) to reduce interference, an armor layer for mechanical protection when required, and an outer jacket made from polymers like PVC or cross-linked polyethylene. The precise composition depends on the intended use, voltage rating, environmental conditions, and regulatory requirements.

Types of cables cover a broad range of functions. Electrical power cables transport electricity at various voltage levels (low, medium, and high voltage), while data and telecommunications cables support information transfer (coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cables). Other categories include control and instrumentation cables, submarine cables for undersea transmission, and aerospace or industrial specialty cables designed for harsh environments.

Applications span residential, commercial, and industrial settings. Cables are used for distributing power inside buildings, connecting electrical equipment, enabling data networks, and supporting communications systems in telecommunications, broadcasting, and control systems.

Standards and safety considerations are central to cable design and use. International and national standards (such as IEC and various electrical codes) specify voltage ratings, temperature limits, flame retardance, and halogen content. Proper installation, handling, and maintenance are essential to minimize electrical shock, fire, and mechanical damage risks.