CVT

CVT stands for continuously variable transmission, a type of automatic transmission that can select an unlimited number of gear ratios within a given range rather than a fixed set of gears. This design allows the engine to run at its most efficient speed for a wide variety of vehicle speeds, potentially improving fuel economy and acceleration smoothness.

Most automotive CVTs use one of two main designs: belt-driven CVTs and toroidal CVTs. Belt-driven CVTs use a drive pulley and a driven pulley whose effective diameters change, connected by a metal belt or chain. By moving the pulleys’ halves, the transmission ratio changes continuously. Toroidal CVTs use a system of rotating discs and rollers to vary the contact radius and thus the ratio.

Control systems monitor inputs such as speed and throttle to select the appropriate ratio. Some CVTs offer simulated step shifts to mimic conventional automatic transmissions. Advantages include smooth acceleration and potentially better fuel efficiency; disadvantages can include higher cost, greater complexity, and concerns about belt wear or perceived driving feel.

CVTs are widely used in modern cars, some motorcycles and scooters, and in various industrial applications. The concept has evolved since early 20th-century experiments, with improvements in materials, design, and electronic control enabling higher torque capacity and reliability.