CPtitanium

Commercially pure titanium, commonly abbreviated CP-Ti or CP titanium, refers to titanium that has not been alloyed with other elements to increase strength. The term encompasses a family of impurity-controlled grades defined by specification rather than a fixed composition. CP-Ti is used where corrosion resistance, formability, and biocompatibility are priorities, and it is defined in standards such as ASTM F67.

Grades 1 through 4 differ mainly in impurity levels, with Grade 1 being the most ductile and Grade 4 the strongest of the group. CP-Ti is distinct from titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, which include alloying elements that raise strength but can affect corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.

Key properties of CP-Ti include excellent corrosion resistance in many environments, good biocompatibility for medical use, and a favorable strength-to-weight ratio. It is relatively easy to form and weld, though its strength is lower than that of most titanium alloys.

Fabrication methods include extrusion, rolling, drawing, and machining. Strength can be increased by cold working; heat treatment has limited effect. Welding requires proper procedures to prevent contamination and embrittlement.

Common applications span aerospace fasteners and components, chemical processing equipment, marine hardware, and medical implants such as dental and orthopedic devices.

Limitations include lower strength compared with titanium alloys, higher cost than some metals, and reduced performance at elevated temperatures. Compliance with standards and supplied grade specification are important for design and fabrication.

See also: Titanium, Titanium alloys, ASTM F67, Commercially pure titanium grades.