CCDcameras
CCDcameras are imaging devices that use charged-coupled devices (CCDs) as the light-sensitive element to convert photons into electronic charges. The incoming light generates charge in a grid of photosensitive pixels. After exposure, the charges are transferred sequentially through a serial register to a readout amplifier, where they are converted to a voltage, digitized, and stored as a digital image. Color information is usually obtained with a color filter array (e.g., Bayer) or by using multiple exposures with different filters. CCD sensors are known for low readout noise and high image uniformity, which contribute to high dynamic range and photometric accuracy.
Historically, CCDs were developed in the late 1960s at Bell Labs and soon became the dominant technology
In practice, CCD cameras are favored in astronomy, spectroscopy, and nuclear or medical imaging where image