Bókstuðun
Bókstuðun is an Icelandic term that translates roughly to "book confusion" or "literary chaos." It describes a phenomenon where a person, particularly a child, struggles to distinguish between letters that share similar visual characteristics when reading or writing. This can manifest as reversing letters, such as mistaking 'b' for 'd' or 'p' for 'q', or transposing them, like writing 'was' as 'saw'.
The term bókstuðun is often used in informal contexts in Iceland to explain these early reading and
Factors contributing to bókstuðun can include the inherent visual similarities between certain letters, the stage of