Bunkar

Bunkar is a term used in parts of South Asia to denote people traditionally engaged in textile weaving. In India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh it appears as a community name and sometimes as a surname, with regional spellings such as Bunakar, Bunkar, or Bankar. Because the term historically describes an occupation rather than a single unified group, it covers diverse communities with distinct social origins.

Origin and meaning: The word derives from Persian and Urdu bunākar, meaning “weaver.” As an occupational designation, it has long been used to identify craftspeople who operate handlooms or loom-based textile businesses in rural and urban settings.

Geography and demographics: Bunkar communities are found across Indian states including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Maharashtra; similarly named groups exist in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Diaspora communities have formed in the Middle East, Europe, and North America.

Occupation and economy: Traditionally the Bunkars produced cotton, silk, or wool fabrics, shawls, rugs, and garments. Many pursued dyeing, printing, or embroidery, and some became small-scale textile entrepreneurs. Economic status and social standing vary by region and over time as weaving integrates with industrial production.

Social and cultural context: The Bunkar label spans Hindu and Muslim communities and various regional subgroups. Marriage customs, rites, and social organization differ locally. In some Indian states, Bunkars are recognised under specific government categories for affirmative action, while in others they are treated differently under caste-based classifications.

See also: Weaving in South Asia; Caste and craft occupations; Handloom industry.