Bullfighters

Bullfighters, or toreros, are professional performers in the traditional bullfighting spectacle known as the corrida de toros. The term covers several roles: the matador, the principal bullfighter who delivers the killing blow; the banderilleros, assistants who place banderillas into the bull; and the picadors, mounted lancers who weaken the animal with a lance at the start of the encounter.

The event unfolds in three stages. In the tercio de varas, picadors on horseback weaken the bull with a lance while the bullfighter and horse are protected by armor. In the tercio de banderillas, banderilleros plant decorative barbed sticks to raise the bull's activity and lower its head. In the final stage, the matador performs a measured sequence of cape passes with the capote, followed by the muleta, a smaller red cape, and ends with an estocada, a sword thrust to kill the bull. The matador wears a traje de luces, a fitted and ornate suit of lights, and uses the capote for the opening display and the muleta in the finale.

Bullfighting has deep cultural roots in Spain, Portugal, and parts of Latin America, but it is controversial because of animal welfare concerns. Supporters describe it as an art form and a traditional expression of courage and music; critics view it as cruel and outdated. As a result, many regions have debated bans or restrictions, and some jurisdictions have barred bullfighting altogether, notably in Catalonia. The practice continues to elicit debate over heritage, ethics, and modern values.