Bulkfracht

Bulkfracht refers to cargo transported in bulk, that is, in unpackaged, large quantities distributed directly into the hold of a vessel or through pipelines. It is typically divided into dry bulk cargoes and liquid bulk cargoes. Dry bulk includes commodities such as grains, coal, iron ore, bauxite, phosphate rock, and fertilizers. Liquid bulk covers crude oil, refined petroleum products, chemicals, and liquefied gases. Some bulk goods, like cement powders or wood pellets, may require special handling or conditioning to prevent spoilage or dust.

Vessels and handling methods differ by bulk type. Dry bulk is carried in bulk carriers with large cargo holds and hatch covers, using grab cranes or conveyor systems for loading and unloading. Liquid bulk uses tankers with segregated tanks and pipelines, often requiring pumping systems and strict temperature or inerting controls. Specialized vessels exist for LNG, LNG carriers, and chemical tankers, each governed by relevant safety and compatibility rules. Port facilities, known as bulk terminals, provide dedicated equip­ment for loading and unloading, including conveyors, piping, and dust suppression systems.

Regulatory and safety frameworks play a crucial role. For dry bulk, the IMSBC Code governs cargo classification, stowage, and handling. For dangerous liquids and chemicals, the IBC Code and IGC Code set standards for construction, equipment, and operation. MARPOL addresses pollution prevention, while SOLAS covers general safety requirements. Compliance often involves cargo surveys, proper documentation, and segregation to prevent contamination or reactions between incompatible cargoes.

Bulkfracht remains a cost-efficient method for moving large volumes, supporting significant portions of global trade and requiring specialized infrastructure and regulatory compliance to manage risk and efficiency.