Bronhokonstrikciót

Bronhokonstrikció refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs, specifically the bronchi and bronchioles. This narrowing restricts the flow of air, making it difficult to breathe. It is a common symptom of various respiratory conditions and can range from mild to severe.

The primary mechanism behind bronhokonstrikció is the contraction of the smooth muscles that surround the airways. This contraction can be triggered by several factors. Inflammation within the airway lining also contributes significantly by causing swelling and thickening of the tissues, further reducing the passage for air. Additionally, increased mucus production can obstruct the airways, exacerbating the constrictive effect.

Common conditions associated with bronhokonstrikció include asthma, where it is a hallmark symptom, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Allergic reactions, such as those experienced during anaphylaxis, can also lead to severe bronhokonstrikció. In some cases, irritants like smoke, pollution, or cold air can trigger temporary bronhokonstrikció.

Symptoms of bronhokonstrikció typically include wheezing, a whistling sound during breathing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The severity of these symptoms depends on the degree of airway narrowing and the underlying cause. Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, listening to breath sounds with a stethoscope, and pulmonary function tests to measure lung capacity and airflow. Treatment aims to relax the airway muscles, reduce inflammation, and clear mucus, often involving bronchodilator medications and anti-inflammatory drugs.