Bromaatio

Bromaatio, commonly referred to as the bromate ion, is the anion BrO3− and the conjugate base of bromic acid (HBrO3). It corresponds to bromine in the +5 oxidation state and is a polyatomic oxyanion that forms salts with various cations. In solution, bromate is typically colorless and highly soluble in water.

Structure and properties

Bromate features three oxygen atoms bonded to a central bromine atom, with a lone pair on bromine that gives the ion a roughly tetrahedral arrangement. The negative charge is delocalized over the oxygens through resonance. Bromate is a medium-strength oxidizing agent and is most stable under neutral to basic conditions. In acidic solutions, it can act as an oxidant and participate in redox reactions, being reduced to bromide or other bromine species depending on the conditions.

Production and occurrence

Industrial bromate is produced by oxidative processes involving bromide, such as disproportionation of bromine in concentrated alkali, or by electrolytic or chemical oxidation routes. In the environment, bromate can form as a disinfection by-product when drinking water containing bromide is treated with ozone or advanced oxidants. Bromate formation is a concern in some water treatment and food processing contexts.

Uses and regulatory context

Bromate salts, including sodium bromate, are used as oxidizing agents in chemical synthesis and, in some regions, as dough conditioners in flour production. Due to health concerns, bromate is considered a potential carcinogen, and many jurisdictions regulate or ban its presence in drinking water and food products. It is also used as a reference oxidant in analytical chemistry.

Safety and handling

Bromate compounds should be handled with care to avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin or eyes. They should be stored away from reducing agents and incompatible materials, and waste should be managed according to local environmental and safety regulations.

See also

Bromic acid, Bromate, Sodium bromate, Bromine.