Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a halogen and the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature. At room temperature it is a red-brown liquid with a strong, acrid odor and it forms volatile reddish-brown vapors.

Bromine is relatively rare in the Earth's crust but is found mainly in seawater and brines. Industrial production typically involves oxidizing bromide ions, extracted from brine, to elemental bromine, followed by purification by fractional distillation.

In chemistry, bromine is highly reactive and forms bromide salts and a wide range of brominated organic compounds. It is used to make flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, dyes, and various polymers. Bromine-based disinfectants are used for water treatment.

The name bromine derives from the Greek bromos, meaning odor or stench, in reference to its pungent smell.

Safety considerations: bromine and many brominated compounds are corrosive and toxic. Exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Handling requires appropriate containment, ventilation, and protective equipment. Environmentally, some brominated compounds can be persistent and enter ecosystems through industrial use.