Bradükardiya

Bradükardiya is a medical term referring to a heart rate that is slower than normal. In adults, a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute is generally considered bradycardia. However, this threshold can vary, and a slow heart rate is not always indicative of a problem. For instance, highly trained athletes often have lower resting heart rates due to their cardiovascular conditioning.

The causes of bradycardia are diverse. It can be a normal physiological adaptation, as seen in athletes. More commonly, it can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. These include heart problems like sick sinus syndrome or heart block, which affect the heart's electrical system. Other potential causes include hypothyroidism, certain medications (such as beta-blockers or opioids), electrolyte imbalances, and hypothermia. In some cases, sleep apnea can also lead to bradycardia.

Symptoms of bradycardia, if present, can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. They may include dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, fainting (syncope), and poor exercise tolerance. If the slow heart rate is not causing symptoms, it may be discovered incidentally during a routine examination.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to assess the heart's electrical activity. Further investigations may be necessary to identify the underlying cause, such as blood tests, echocardiograms, or Holter monitoring. Treatment for bradycardia depends entirely on its cause and whether it is producing symptoms. If it is not causing issues, no treatment may be required. If a medical condition is responsible, treating that condition is the priority. In severe cases, a pacemaker may be implanted to regulate the heart rate.