Blindstromfluss

Blindstromfluss, also known as reactive power flow, is a crucial concept in alternating current (AC) electrical systems. It refers to the flow of energy that oscillates back and forth between the source and the load, rather than being converted into useful work. This type of energy exchange occurs due to the presence of reactive components in a circuit, namely inductors and capacitors. Inductors store energy in their magnetic fields, while capacitors store energy in their electric fields. When AC voltage is applied to these components, they absorb energy during one part of the cycle and return it to the circuit during another. This continuous exchange constitutes blindstromfluss.

While blindstromfluss does not perform work, it is essential for the operation of many electrical devices. For instance, transformers and electric motors rely on magnetic fields, which require reactive power to establish and maintain. Similarly, capacitors are used for power factor correction and filtering. However, excessive blindstromfluss can be detrimental. It increases the current flowing through transmission lines and equipment, leading to higher resistive losses (I^2R losses) and reduced overall efficiency. This can also cause voltage drops and strain on the power grid. Utilities often impose penalties on industrial customers for drawing excessive reactive power, prompting the use of power factor correction equipment. The ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) is known as the power factor, and a higher power factor indicates a more efficient use of electrical energy with less blindstromfluss.