BleiSäureBatterie

The BleiSäureBatterie, commonly known as the lead-acid battery, is a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device. Invented in 1859 by Gaston Planté, it was one of the earliest practical forms of rechargeable batteries. The fundamental principle of operation involves a reversible chemical reaction between lead plates and a sulfuric acid electrolyte. During discharge, lead dioxide on the positive plate and sponge lead on the negative plate react with sulfuric acid to produce lead sulfate and water. This process releases electrical energy. Recharging reverses this reaction, converting the lead sulfate back into lead dioxide and sponge lead, thus storing energy.

Lead-acid batteries are characterized by their robust construction, reliability, and relatively low cost. They are widely used in automotive applications as starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries, providing the high current needed to crank an engine. They also find extensive use in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), emergency lighting systems, and as backup power sources for telecommunications and data centers. Despite the advent of newer battery technologies, the lead-acid battery remains a dominant force due to its proven track record and cost-effectiveness. However, their energy density is lower compared to lithium-ion batteries, and they contain hazardous materials, requiring careful handling and disposal.