Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa). It is one of the three principal curcuminoids in turmeric, along with curcumin (diferuloylmethane) and demethoxycurcumin. BDMC is a lipophilic diketone with two aromatic rings linked by a conjugated linker, and it contributes to the characteristic yellow-orange color of turmeric extracts. Like other curcuminoids, BDMC is soluble in organic solvents and poorly soluble in water.

Occurrence and content: The amount of BDMC in turmeric varies with cultivar and processing; it usually constitutes a smaller fraction of total curcuminoids than curcumin. BDMC can be enriched in extracts via specific extraction and purification methods. It may also form by demethylation during processing of curcumin.

Biological activity: In vitro and some animal studies report antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for BDMC, including scavenging reactive oxygen species and downregulation of mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS. Some studies show anti-cancer effects in cell lines and animals, but results are preliminary.

Pharmacokinetics and safety: BDMC shares the limited oral bioavailability typical of curcuminoids, and is studied with delivery strategies to improve absorption. At dietary levels it is generally regarded as safe, though data on high-dose safety in humans are limited.

Research status and applications: BDMC is mainly studied as a turmeric constituent and a research standard. While preclinical data are encouraging, there is no approved medical use, and clinical evidence remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and optimal delivery.