Biometríudata

Biometríudata refers to data derived from biological traits that can be used to identify or verify individuals in digital systems. It is often used in security, identity verification, and personalization workflows.

Types include physiological data (fingerprints, iris/retina patterns, facial geometry, DNA, voice) and behavioural data (signature dynamics, keystroke patterns, gait).

Applications include device unlocking, secure access control, border control, payments, patient matching, and law enforcement. In processing, biometric data are typically captured, transformed into features, and compared against stored templates, with decisions based on a similarity score.

Because biometric data is highly identifying, many jurisdictions treat it as a special category of personal data. In the European Union, GDPR Article 9 restricts processing unless lawful basis such as explicit consent applies, and requires safeguards like purpose limitation and minimization.

Storage often uses templates rather than raw images to reduce sensitivity; revocability can be a concern, though cancellable biometrics and re-enrollment provide options. Security measures include encryption, secure enclaves, and liveness checks to deter spoofing.

Policy and standards emphasize privacy, fairness, and interoperability. Standards bodies maintain formats and protocols for data exchange (for example, ISO/IEC 19794 family and privacy-oriented guidance under ISO/IEC 24745). Ongoing research explores privacy-preserving biometrics and edge processing.