Biometrikus

Biometrikus, the Hungarian term for biometric methods, refers to identifying or verifying a person using biological and behavioral characteristics. Systems rely on measurable traits to establish identity, with verification confirming a claimed identity and identification selecting among candidates.

Common modalities include physiological traits—fingerprints, iris or facial patterns, voice—and behavioral traits such as keystroke dynamics or gait. Many implementations use multimodal approaches to improve accuracy and reduce spoofing.

Enrollment creates a digital template from a sample via feature extraction. Live measurements are matched to stored templates, and a decision threshold determines a match. Processing may occur on-device, at the edge, or remotely.

Biometrikus technology is applied in devices (phones and laptops), border control, government programs, banking, and facility access. It offers convenient, password-free authentication but requires careful handling of privacy and security risks.

Privacy and security considerations are central. Biometric data are sensitive and may not be easily revocable. Protections include consent, data minimization, encryption, and template protection. Regulations such as GDPR govern processing in many regions.

Standards and governance include ISO/IEC 19794 data formats, FIDO authentication protocols, and NIST guidelines. Privacy-preserving methods—cancelable biometrics, template encryption, and on-device processing—are increasingly emphasized.

Challenges include bias across populations, sensor variability, and spoofing. Ongoing trends emphasize multimodal and on-device biometrics to balance usability with privacy and security.