Biofilmid
Biofilmid is a structured community of microorganisms that adheres to biotic or abiotic surfaces and is embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The matrix includes polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, giving the biofilm its viscoelastic properties and protective characteristics. Microorganisms within a biofilmid can include bacteria, fungi, and archaea, often forming complex, multispecies assemblies.
Biofilm formation typically proceeds through stages: initial reversible attachment of free-floating cells to a surface; irreversible
Biofilmid are ubiquitous in natural and engineered settings, from dental plaque and riverbeds to pipes, medical
Impact and management vary by setting. In healthcare, biofilmid on catheters and implants can drive chronic