Biofabricated

Biofabricated refers to products, tissues, or materials that are produced through biofabrication, a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, materials science, and engineering to assemble living cells, biomaterials, and signaling molecules into functional structures. The goal is to create tissue-like constructs and biomimetic materials that can be used for medical applications, research, or education. Biofabrication draws on techniques that place cells and biomaterials with spatial precision, guided by computer-aided designs.

Common approaches include 3D bioprinting, where cell-laden inks or bioinks are deposited layer by layer; bio-assembly, which standardizes the assembly of pre-formed components; and the use of scaffolds such as decellularized extracellular matrices and hydrogels. These methods aim to reproduce tissue architectures with viable vasculature and appropriate mechanical properties.

Applications span regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, including skin, cartilage, bone, and vascular grafts; corneal and dental constructs; organ-on-a-chip models; and drug discovery platforms. In research and clinical contexts, biofabricated structures can provide patient-specific implants or disease models that reduce reliance on animal testing.

Key challenges include achieving sufficient vascularization, immune compatibility, and long-term viability of implanted tissues; ensuring reproducibility and scalability; and navigating regulatory approval and ethical considerations. Advances in stem cell biology, biomaterials, and bioreactor design continue to expand the capabilities and safety of biofabricated products.