Bilbao

Bilbao is the largest city of the Basque Country, Spain, and the capital of the province of Biscay. It is located in the northern part of the country along the Nervión River at its estuary near the Bay of Biscay. The municipality has roughly 340,000 residents, while the wider metropolitan area houses about one million people. The city functions as an important economic and cultural center in northern Spain.

Historically a small trading and fishing port, Bilbao grew into a major commercial hub in the Middle Ages and expanded through the 19th century with coal, steel, and shipbuilding industries. In the late 20th century it underwent extensive urban renewal, transforming its riverfront and central districts and establishing a contemporary architectural identity.

Landmarks and districts reflect the city’s evolution. The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, opened in 1997 and designed by Frank Gehry, is a key symbol of renewal. The Casco Viejo, Bilbao’s old town with its seven calles, and the Zubizuri bridge by Santiago Calatrava are prominent sites. The Abandoibarra and Ensanche districts host cultural venues, offices, and residential areas, complemented by the Euskalduna Palace concert hall and the San Mamés stadium.

Economy today focuses on services, logistics, tourism, and technology, supported by the port and a growing business sector. Bilbao is a center for Basque culture, with Basque and Spanish as official languages. The city hosts major events such as Aste Nagusia in August and the Bilbao BBK Live music festival.