Bicycling

Bicycling, or cycling, is the activity of riding a bicycle for transport, recreation, sport, or exercise. A bicycle is a human-powered vehicle with two wheels, a frame, pedals connected to a drivetrain, handlebars, and brakes. Bicycling can be performed on roads, trails, or dedicated cycles and is one of the most energy-efficient means of transportation worldwide.

The modern bicycle originated in the 19th century with the velocipede and later the safety bicycle, which featured equal-sized wheels and chain drive. Improvements in frame materials, tires, gearing, and geometry over the following decades expanded speed, comfort, and accessibility, contributing to a global cycling culture and industry.

Major categories include road, mountain, commuter, touring, BMX, and track cycling. Bicycles vary in frame materials such as steel, aluminum, carbon fiber, and titanium, and in components, including multiple gears, disc or rim brakes, and, for some models, suspension. Electric bicycles add motor assist and a rechargeable battery, broadening who can ride and where they can ride.

Regular cycling provides cardiovascular and muscular benefits with low impact on joints. Safety depends on infrastructure and rider behavior: helmets, lights, reflective clothing, obeying traffic laws, and using bike lanes or paths where available.

Cycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions, saves energy, and can ease urban congestion. Cities are expanding cycling infrastructure, while individuals maintain their bikes by checking tire pressure, brakes, and chains, lubricating components, and performing routine adjustments.