Bhopal

Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh, located in central India. It sits on the southern edge of the Malwa Plateau beside the Upper Lake and is known as the City of Lakes. The city functions as the state's administrative, commercial, and educational center and has a diverse economy and cultural life.

History: The site has ancient roots; the Parmara king Bhoj is associated with its early development in the 11th century. In the 18th century it became the capital of the princely state of Bhopal under the Begums and later joined Madhya Pradesh in 1956. In 1984, the Bhopal disaster occurred when a methyl isocyanate gas leak at a Union Carbide plant caused thousands of deaths and lasting health and environmental consequences; the incident prompted global attention on industrial safety and disaster response. Cleanup and compensation programs have continued for decades.

Geography and climate: Bhopal lies near the Vindhyachal range and the climate is marked by hot summers, a monsoon season, and cool winters. The Upper Lake is a central feature that shapes the city's water supply and recreational spaces.

Culture and landmarks: The city hosts landmarks such as Taj-ul-Masajid, one of Asia's largest mosques; Bharat Bhavan, a cultural complex; and Van Vihar National Park. The nearby Sanchi Stupa and other ancient sites lie within a short drive. Educational institutions include MANIT Bhopal, Barkatullah University, and IISER Bhopal.

Economy and transport: The city serves as a government and services hub with manufacturing in chemicals and related industries. It is served by Raja Bhoj Airport (Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport) and Bhopal Junction and Habibganj railway stations, with road connections to major national highways and a developing urban transit network.