Bewältigungsformen

Bewältigungsformen, often translated as coping mechanisms or coping strategies, refer to the cognitive and behavioral efforts used to manage, tolerate, or reduce internal or external stress. These forms are employed when an individual perceives a situation or event as taxing or exceeding their resources. The concept is central to stress and emotion regulation research.

Coping strategies can be broadly categorized into problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches. Problem-focused coping aims to change the source of the stress by addressing the problem directly. This might involve planning, taking action, or seeking instrumental support. Emotion-focused coping, on the other hand, seeks to regulate the emotional distress associated with the stressor, without necessarily changing the situation itself. Examples include seeking emotional support, distraction, reappraisal of the situation, or engaging in relaxation techniques.

Further distinctions can be made between adaptive and maladaptive coping. Adaptive coping strategies are generally considered effective in reducing stress and promoting well-being in the long term. Maladaptive strategies, while they may offer temporary relief, can be detrimental to health and functioning over time. Examples of maladaptive coping include avoidance, substance abuse, or denial. The choice and effectiveness of Bewältigungsformen are influenced by individual factors such as personality, past experiences, and the specific nature of the stressor.