Berusning

Berusning is a state of temporary impairment caused by the ingestion of psychoactive substances, most commonly alcohol, but also various drugs, medications, or volatile solvents. It affects motor coordination, judgment, perception, reaction time, and sometimes consciousness. The severity of berusning depends on the substance, dose, rate of intake, and individual factors such as age, sex, body mass, and tolerance.

Common causes include alcoholic beverages, but berusning can also result from cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, sedatives, inhalants, and prescription medications misused. It ranges from mild mood alteration to substantial impairment and can be accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, memory gaps, or changes in behavior.

In the short term, berusning increases the risk of accidents, injuries, and dangerous decisions. With depressant substances such as alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, there is a risk of respiratory depression and loss of consciousness; overdose constitutes a medical emergency.

Clinical assessment involves evaluating airway, breathing, and circulation, monitoring vital signs, and identifying likely substances involved. Treatment focuses on supportive care, hydration, and monitoring; antidotes may be available for specific substances (for example, naloxone for opioid overdose). If there is coma or compromised breathing, emergency services should be contacted. Do not give food or drink to an unconscious person.

Longer-term berusning is linked to alcohol or substance use disorders and can contribute to liver disease, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular problems, and social or legal consequences. Prevention emphasizes moderation, avoiding substance mixing, using designated drivers, and seeking help for dependence or misuse. The term is used in Scandinavian languages to describe intoxication and has parallels in other languages with similar medical and legal implications.