Bazális

Bazális is a Hungarian adjective meaning basal or relating to the base or bottom part of something. It is used across disciplines to describe position, structure, or function anchored at the base, or to indicate fundamental characteristics. The term derives from Latin basalis, itself from Greek basis, and appears in scientific terminology with the same general sense in many languages.

In anatomy and histology, bazális commonly denotes the deepest or base layer of a tissue. For example, the bazális réteg (stratum basale) is the deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes proliferate. The bazális membrán (basement membrane) underlies epithelial and other tissues and anchors them to underlying connective tissue. The term also appears in expressions such as bazális sejtek (basal cells) located at the base of an epithelium.

In neuroscience, bazális ganglionok refer to the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei involved in movement control, learning of routine actions, and motivation. These structures interact with cortical areas, and dysfunction can contribute to movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. The term is used descriptively rather than as a diagnosis.

In physiology, bazális metabolikus ráta (bazális anyagcsere-érték) describes the energy expenditure of a person at rest in a fasting state. It is used to estimate daily caloric needs and assess metabolic health, often measured under standardized conditions to reflect baseline energy use.

In botany, bazális can describe a position at the base of a plant or organ, such as bazális levelek located at the base of a shoot.