Bathtubs

A bathtub is a plumbing fixture designed for bathing, typically installed in residential bathrooms. It provides a basin for immersion in water and is commonly paired with a water supply faucet and a drain. Bathtubs vary in size and shape to suit room layout and user needs.

Common types include alcove tubs that fit into three walls, freestanding tubs that stand alone, corner tubs, and drop-in or built-in models. Materials range from durable acrylic and fiberglass to enameled steel, cast iron, and solid-surface composites. Acrylic and fiberglass are lighter and warmer, while cast iron offers rigidity and long life; stone resin and other composites can mimic natural stone.

Installation considerations include wall support and surrounding enclosure, drain and overflow configuration, and access to plumbing behind walls. Freestanding tubs require a solid floor and, often, floor-mounted faucets; alcove and drop-in styles rely on surrounding tiling or panels. Accessibility options include walk-in designs and built-in seating.

Maintenance focuses on preventing soap scum and mineral deposits. Clean with non-abrasive cleaners appropriate to the material; avoid harsh solvents that can damage enamel or acrylic. Inspect for chips, cracks, and leaks, and consider non-slip surfaces or mats for safety. Water efficiency can be improved with low-flow faucets and taps.

Historically, bathtubs evolved from simple stone or metal basins to modern engineered shells. The mid-20th century brought lightweight acrylic and fiberglass models, followed by cast iron and enamel designs and high-end stone composites that offer varied aesthetics and durability.