Barnevernloven

Barnevernloven, also known as the Child Welfare Act, is the principal legislation governing child welfare services in Norway. First enacted in 1981 and subsequently revised several times, the law outlines the responsibilities of municipalities, the Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affairs (Bufdir), and other authorities in protecting children’s rights and promoting their well‑being. Its central purpose is to ensure that children grow up in a secure environment, receive necessary care, and have their best interests prioritized in all decisions.

The act defines the conditions under which child welfare services may intervene, ranging from voluntary support for families to compulsory measures such as placement in foster care or residential institutions. Intervention must be based on a thorough assessment of the child’s situation, and the law emphasizes preventive assistance, family counselling, and efforts to keep children within their biological families whenever safely possible. Decisions regarding placement or removal require written justification, and affected parties have the right to appeal to the County Court and, subsequently, to the Supreme Court.

Barnevernloven also regulates the rights of both children and parents, granting children the right to be heard in proceedings affecting them and ensuring confidentiality of personal information. The law mandates regular review of each case and sets limits on the duration of out‑of‑home placements, urging timely reunification or adoption when appropriate.

Critics have raised concerns about the law’s broad discretionary powers, arguing that it can lead to inconsistencies in practice and occasional violations of family integrity. In response, parliamentary amendments in 2019 and 2022 introduced stricter oversight mechanisms, clearer criteria for compulsory measures, and enhanced training for child welfare workers. The law remains a focal point of public debate in Norway, balancing child protection with respect for family autonomy.