Bankartsérülés

Bankartsérülés, often referred to as a Bankart lesion, is an injury to the labrum of the shoulder. The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the glenoid socket, which is part of the shoulder joint. This ring helps to deepen the socket and stabilize the ball of the humerus within it. A Bankart lesion occurs when the labrum is torn or detached from the glenoid rim, most commonly as a result of shoulder dislocation.

The most frequent cause of a Bankart lesion is an anterior shoulder dislocation, where the head of the humerus pops out of the socket in a forward direction. This forceful movement can pull the labrum away from the bone. Recurrent dislocations significantly increase the risk of developing or worsening a Bankart lesion. While trauma is the primary cause, repetitive overhead activities, particularly in athletes, can also contribute to labral tears, though these may not always be classic Bankart lesions.

Symptoms of a Bankart lesion can include persistent shoulder pain, a feeling of instability or looseness in the shoulder, clicking or popping sensations, and a reduced range of motion. Pain is often exacerbated by overhead activities or reaching behind the back. In cases of dislocation, the initial injury will be accompanied by severe pain and an inability to move the arm.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess shoulder stability and range of motion, followed by imaging studies. X-rays may be used to rule out fractures, while MRI or MR arthrograms are often necessary to clearly visualize the torn labrum. Treatment options depend on the severity of the tear, the patient's symptoms, and their activity level. Conservative management, including rest, physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles, and pain medication, may be attempted for less severe cases. However, surgical repair is often required for significant tears, recurrent dislocations, or when conservative methods fail to provide relief. Arthroscopic surgery is the most common approach.