Arthroscopic

Arthroscopic refers to procedures, instruments, or techniques that involve arthroscopy, a minimally invasive method for diagnosing and treating joint conditions using an arthroscope. An arthroscope is a small-diameter instrument with a camera and light source that is inserted into a joint through small incisions, allowing visualization on a monitor and the use of specialized tools for treatment.

In practice, arthroscopic procedures are used for diagnostic purposes and for therapy. Diagnostic arthroscopy can evaluate unexplained joint pain, swelling, or limited motion. Therapeutic arthroscopy addresses conditions such as meniscal tears, ligament injuries, cartilage defects, loose fragments, synovitis, and certain joint instabilities. Common joints treated arthroscopically include the knee and shoulder, with also procedures in the hip, ankle, elbow, and wrist.

The technique involves anesthesia, creation of small portals, insertion of the arthroscope to inspect the joint, and use of additional instruments to perform debridement, repair, or reconstruction. Continuous irrigation may be employed to improve visibility. The approach aims to minimize tissue disruption, reduce recovery times, and limit postoperative pain compared with open surgery.

Outcomes are generally favorable for selected conditions, though arthroscopic surgery is not suitable for all joint problems, such as advanced arthritis with extensive joint damage. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, nerve or vessel injury, and damage to cartilage or surrounding structures. Rehabilitation typically includes early range-of-motion exercises and progressive strengthening under supervision. Arthroscopic techniques continue to evolve with advances in instrumentation and imaging.