Ballons

Ballons are inflatable, flexible enclosures that can be filled with air or gas for buoyancy, decoration, or measurement. In English, the standard plural is balloons, while the term ballon appears in other languages (for example, the French ballon, plural ballons). Balloons range from small decorative items to large industrial or scientific envelopes.

Most consumer ballons are made of latex or foil (metalized plastic). They vary in shape from classic round to elongated or character forms. Buoyancy is achieved by filling with a lighter-than-air gas such as helium, or by heating the air inside a balloon for hot-air balloons. Hydrogen offers greater lift but is highly flammable and less commonly used today.

History and development began in the 18th century with hot-air balloons demonstrated by the Montgolfier brothers, followed by gas-filled balloons pioneered by scientists such as Jacques Charles. In the 20th century, weather balloons and research balloons expanded the use of gas-filled envelopes for meteorology, atmospheric science, and high-altitude exploration. Modern commercial balloons also include advertising balloons that carry large logos and shapes.

Uses of ballons span entertainment, education, science, and industry. Party decorations and novelty items are common, while weather and research balloons support atmospheric measurements, climate studies, and remote sensing. Large hot-air balloons are used in festivals and recreational events, often featuring public displays of color and motion.

Environmental and safety considerations include litter and harm to wildlife from balloon releases, as well as persistent material waste from foil balloons. Responsible handling, proper disposal, and discouraging releases are recommended to minimize environmental impact.