BaTiO3based

BaTiO3-based materials are a family of ceramics and thin films whose crystal structure is derived from the perovskite BaTiO3 (barium titanate). By partial substitution at the Ba-site (A-site) or the Ti-site (B-site), researchers create BaTiO3-based solid solutions with tailored dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties for electronic and electromechanical applications.

In its pure form, BaTiO3 is a ferroelectric oxide with a perovskite ABO3 structure. At room temperature it adopts a ferroelectric tetragonal phase with spontaneous polarization, and it undergoes phase transitions near a Curie temperature of about 120 °C to a paraelectric cubic phase. The material exhibits a high dielectric constant and notable piezoelectric response when appropriately processed, making it useful in capacitors and sensing devices. Its properties are highly sensitive to composition, temperature, microstructure, and processing conditions.

Doping and solid-solution formation are common strategies to tailor BaTiO3-based materials. Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (BST) provides a tunable Curie temperature and dielectric tunability, enabling tunable dielectrics and high-performance capacitors. BaTiO3 can also be combined with Ca, Zr, or other dopants to form Ba(Ti,Zr)O3 (BZT) and related systems, which are explored for lead-free piezoelectrics and enhanced dielectric properties. Dopants also influence aging, aging-related loss of polarization, and domain dynamics.

Processing methods include conventional solid-state synthesis, sol–gel, and hydrothermal routes, followed by high-density sintering to achieve dense ceramics. BaTiO3-based materials are central to lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), tunable microwave devices, and various sensors and actuators. Ongoing research aims to improve temperature stability, reduce losses, and enhance reliability for advanced electronic applications.