BLM

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a decentralized social and political movement focused on addressing systemic racism and violence against Black people. It advocates for police reform, accountability, civil rights, and broader social and economic justice. The movement operates through local chapters and affiliated organizations around the world rather than a single centralized leadership.

Originating in the United States, BLM began in 2013 after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting of Trayvon Martin. Activists Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi published online statements that culminated in the hashtag and the broader movement. What began as a hashtag evolved into a network of local groups and campaigns addressing issues such as policing, racial profiling, and other forms of anti-Black racism.

Activities and structure: BLM conducts protests, demonstrations, advocacy campaigns, policy research, and community organizing. It supports mutual aid, educational initiatives, and media campaigns. The movement emphasizes accountability for law enforcement, civilian oversight, transparency, and solidarity with other movements for social justice. Its organizational form is a loose federation of autonomous chapters and, in some regions, an umbrella nonprofit such as the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, which seeks to coordinate resources and messaging across chapters.

Impact and reception: The movement has influenced public discourse and prompted discussions about policing, criminal justice reform, and antiracism education in many countries. It has drawn praise for highlighting racial injustices and criticism regarding leadership, fundraising transparency, and strategy. As a decentralized movement, BLM’s influence varies by locality and over time.