BEPStiltak

BEPStiltak, or BEPS-tiltak, are a set of international tax rules and guidelines intended to curb base erosion and profit shifting by multinational enterprises. The BEPS Project was launched by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2013 in cooperation with the G20, culminating in an international package of measures adopted around 2015 to address gaps in the global tax system.

The central aim is to align taxation with where value is created and economic activity occurs, reducing incentives for shifting profits to low-tax or no-tax jurisdictions. The BEPS package covers a broad range of issues, including transfer pricing documentation, country-by-country reporting, and measures to limit interest deductions; tools to counter harmful tax practices; rules to prevent treaty shopping; and enhanced transparency and data collection to identify and mitigate tax avoidance. Several actions were designated as minimum standards for participating countries, meaning certain measures require implementation to participate in the BEPS framework.

In the years since, BEPS has evolved into BEPS 2.0, introducing Pillar One and Pillar Two. Pillar One seeks to reallocate taxing rights to the jurisdictions where large consumer-facing and digitalized activities generate value. Pillar Two establishes a global minimum corporate tax, commonly described as a 15 percent GloBE rule, with additional rules to ensure consistency across jurisdictions.

Impact of BEPS measures includes broader tax transparency, reform of national tax laws, and increased enforcement capacity, but has also drawn criticism for compliance costs, complexity, and potential double taxation. The BEPS framework remains a living initiative, subject to ongoing developments and jurisdictional adoption.